REFERENCES

The following references correspond with those cited in the fact sheets in the Toolkit section.

15 Effective Strategies
	1.	1. National Dropout Prevention Center/Network. (n.d.). Effective Strategies for Dropout Prevention. Retrieved September 22, 2008 from http://www.dropoutprevention.org/effstrat/default.htm
A Tool You Can Use: Six Recommendations Checklist
	1.	Dynarski, M., Clarke, L., Cobb, B., Finn, J., Rumberger, R., and Smink, J. (2008). Dropout Prevention: A Practice Guide (NCEE 2008-4025). Washington, DC: National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education. Retrieved October 15, 2008 from http://ies.ed.gov/ncee/wwc/publications/practiceguides/
Best Practices in Dropout Prevention
	1.	Brewster, A., & Bowen, G.L. (2004). Teacher support and the school engagement of Latino middle and high school students at risk of school failure. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 21(1), 47-67.
	2.	Dinkes, R., Cataldi, E.F., & Lin-Kelly, W.(2007). Indicators of school crime and safety: 2007 (NCES 2008-021/NCJ 219553). National Center for Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education, and Bureau of Justice Statistics, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice: Washington, DC. Downloaded on August 18, 2008, from http://nces.ed.gov//pubs2008/2008021.pdf
	3.	Fashola, O.S., & Slavin, R.E. (1998). Effective dropout prevention and college attendance programs for students placed at risk. Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk, 3(2), 159-183.
	4.	Franklin, C., Streeter, C.L., Kim, J.S., & Tripodi, S.J. (2007). The effectiveness of a solution-focused, public alternative school for dropout prevention and retrieval. Children & Schools, 29(3), 133-144.
	5.	Hernandez Jozefowicz-Simbeni, D.M. (2008). An Ecological and Developmental Perspective on Dropout Risk Factors in Early Adolescence: Role of School Social Workers in Dropout Prevention Efforts. Children & Schools, 30(1) 49-62.
	6.	Kemp, S.E. (2006). Dropout policies and trends for students with and without disabilities. Adolescence, 41(162), 235-250.
	7.	Learn and Serve America (n.d.). About Learn and Serve America. Retrieved October 8, 2008, from http://www.learnandserve.gov/about/lsa/index.asp
	8.	NDPC/N: National Dropout Prevention Center/Network. (n.d.). Effective strategies for dropout prevention. Clemson University: Author. Retrieved August 13, 2008 from http://www.dropoutprevention.org/effstrat/default.htm
	9.	Ou, S., & Reynolds, A.J. (2006). Early childhood intervention and educational attainment: Age 22 findings from the Chicago Longitudinal Study. Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk, 11(2), 175-198.
	10.	Perez-Johnson, I & Maynard R. (2007). The case for early, targeted interventions to prevent academic failure. Peabody Journal of Education, 82(4), 587-616.
	11.	Reynolds, A. J., Temple, J. A., Robertson, D. L., & Mann, E. A. (2001). Long-term effects of an early childhood intervention on educational achievement and juvenile arrest: A 15-year follow-up of low-income children in public schools. Journal of the American Medical Association, 285(18), 2339-2347.
	12.	The National Center on Secondary Education and Transition (NCSET). (2004). Dropout and Graduation. Frequently asked questions: Which students are most likely to drop out of school? Retrieved August 13, 2008 from http://www.ncset.org/topics/dropout/faqs.asp?topic=36
Defining Dropout
	1.	Arkansas Department of Education. (2007). Arkansas School Performance Report. Retrieved August 14, 2008 from http://arkansased.org/performance_report/index.html
	2.	Editorial Projects in Research and Education, The Research Center. (2008). 1.23 Million Students Will Fail to Graduate in 2008; New Data on U.S. Congressional Districts Detail Graduation Gaps, Graduation Data Available for Every U.S. School District: Report Finds State-Level P-16 Are Increasingly Popular But Often Lack Support, Clear Agendas Necessary for Success. Education Week. Bethesda, MD: Author.
	3.	Editorial Projects in Research and Education, The Research Center. (2006). Diplomas Count-Arkansas: An Essential Guide to Graduation and Policy Rates. Bethesda, MD: Author. Retrieved August 15, 2008 from http://www.edweek.org/media/ew/dc/2006/ar_SGB06.pdf
	4.	National Center for Education Statistics. (2005). National Institute of Statistical Sciences/Education Statistics Services Institute Task Force on Graduation: Final Report. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences.
	5.	National Governors Association. (2008). Implementing Graduation Counts: Sate Progress to Date, 2008. Retrieved December 1, 2008 from http://www.nga.org/Files/pdf/0807GRADCOUNTS.PDF
	6.	Swanson, C.B. & Chaplin, D. (2003). Counting High School Graduates when Graduates Count: Measuring Graduation Rates under the High Stakes of NCLB. Washington, D.C.: The Urban Institute, Education Policy Center.
	7.	Swanson, C.B. (2004). Graduation Rates-Real Kids, Real Numbers. Washington, D.C.: The Urban Institute, Education Policy Center.
	8.	U.S. Department of Education. (April, 2008). U.S. Secretary of Education Margaret Spellings Announces Department will Move to a Uniform Graduation Rate, Require Disaggregation of Data. America's Promise Alliance Dropout Prevention Campaign Press Conference. Press release retrieved August 15, 2008 from http://www.ed.gov/print/news/pressreleases/2008/04/04012008.html
	9.	Viadero, D. (2007, February 1). 'The Dropout Dilemma.' Education Week. Retrieved June 19, 2007 from http://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2001/02/07/21dropout.h20.html
Dropout Prevention is Worth the Effort
	1.	Belfield, C.R. (2007). The Costs of Inadequate Education for New York State. Queens, New York: University of Albany, State University of New York, NYALAR Net.
	2.	The Alliance for Excellent Education (2007, October). The High Cost of High School Dropouts: What the Nation Pays for Inadequate High Schools [Issue Brief]. Retrieved September 24, 2008 from http://www.all4ed.org/publication_material/issue_policy_briefs
	3.	The Alliance for Excellent Education (2006, November.) Healthier and Wealthier: Decreasing Health Care Costs by Increasing Educational Attainment [Issue Brief]. Retrieved September 24, 2008 from http://www.all4ed.org/publication_material/issue_policy_briefs?page=1
	4.	Levin, H.M. (2005). The Social Costs of Inadequate Education. The first annual Teachers College Symposium on Educational Equity. New York: Teachers College, Columbia University.
	5.	Muennig, P.(2000). Health Returns to Education Interventions. Paper prepared for the Symposium on The Social Costs of Inadequate Education, Teachers College, Columbia University.
	6.	National Campaign to Prevent Teenage Pregnancy. (2006). By the Numbers: The Public Costs of Teen Childbearing in Arkansas. Retrieved September 24, 2008 from http://www.thenationalcampaign.org/state-data/state-profile.aspx?state=arkansas
Early Warning Signs: Detecting Potential High School Dropouts
	1.	Brewster, A., & Bowen, G.L. (2004). Teacher support and the school engagement of Latino middle and high school students at risk of school failure. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 21(1), 47-67.
	2.	Caraway, K., Tucker, C.M., Reinke, W.M., & Hall, C. (2003). Self-efficacy, goal orientation, and fear of failure as predictors of school engagement in high school students. Psychology in the Schools, 40(4), 417-427.
	3.	Hammond, C., Smink, J., Drew, S., & Linton, D. (2007) Dropout risk factors and exemplary programs: A technical report. The National Dropout Prevention Center/Network (NDPC/N) and Communities in Schools, Inc. Downloaded on September 3, 2008, from http://www.dropoutprevention.org/resource/major_reports/communities_in_schools.htm
	4.	Jozefowicz-Simbeni, D.M.H. (2008). An ecological and developmental perspective on dropout risk factors in early adolescence: Role of school social workers in dropout prevention efforts. Children & Schools, 30(1), 49-62.
	5.	Kemp, S.E. (2006). Dropout policies and trends for students with and without disabilities. Adolescence, 41(162), 235-250.
	6.	Laird, J., DeBell, M., Kienzi, G., & Chapman, C. (2007). Dropout rates in the United States: 2005. National Center for Education Statistics (NCES 2007059). Downloaded on September 3, 2008, from http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2007/dropout05/NationalEventDropout.asp
	7.	The National Center on Secondary Education and Transition (NCSET). (2004). Dropout and Graduation. Frequently asked questions: Which students are most likely to drop out of school? Downloaded on August 13, 2008, from http://www.ncset.org/topics/dropout/faqs.asp?topic=36
	8.	Suh, S., & Suh, J. (2007). Risk factors and levels of risk for high school dropouts. Professional School Counseling, 10(3), 297-306.
	9.	Vermont Agency of Human Services. (1999). What works: Keeping youth in school in your community (www.ahs.state.vt.us). Downloaded on September 3, 2008, from http://www.dosomething.org/tipsandtools/11-facts-about-dropping-out
For consideration: Influencing Factors on Arkansas Graduation Rates
	1.	1. Alliance for Excellent Education. (2009, January). Understanding High School Graduation Rates in Arkansas. Washington, DC: Author.
	2.	2. Barack, L. (2006). HS Gender Gap Studied. School Library Journal, 52(6), 22. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database.
	3.	3. Berliner, D. (2010). Are Teachers Responsible for Low Achievement by Poor Students?. Education Digest: Essential Readings Condensed for Quick Review, 75(7), 4-8. Retrieved from ERIC database.
	4.	4. Corbett, C., Hill, C., & St. Rose, AR. (2008). Where the Girls Are: The Facts about Gender Equity in Education. Washington, DC: AAUW Educational Foundation.
	5.	5. Editorial Projects in Education. (2009). Arkansas—State Graduation Brief 2009. A special supplement to Education Week’s Diplomas Count 2009. Broader Horizons: The Challenge of College Readiness for All Students. Bethesda:MD: Author.
	6.	6. Flouri, E., & Ereky-Stevens, K. (2008). Urban neighbourhood quality and school leaving age: Gender differences and some hypotheses. Oxford Review of Education, 34(2), 203-216. doi:10.1080/03054980701614960.
	7.	7. Hauser-Cram, P., Sirin, S., & Stipek, D. (2003). When Teachers' and Parents' Values Differ: Teachers' Ratings of Academic Competence in Children From Low-Income Families. Journal of Educational Psychology, 95(4), 813-820. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.95.4.813.
	8.	8. Leach, M., & Williams, S. (2007). The Impact of the Academic Achievement Gap on the African American Family: A Social Inequality Perspective. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 15(2/3), 39-59. doi:10.1300/J137v15n02_04.
	9.	9. Malecki, C., & Demaray, M. (2006). Social Support as a Buffer in the Relationship Between Socioeconomic Status and Academic performance. School Psychology Quarterly, 21(4), 375-395. doi:10.1037/h0084129.
	10.	10. McLoyd, V. (1998). Socioeconomic Disadvantages and Child Development. American Psychologist, 53(2), 185. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database.
	11.	11. Roscigno, V., & Crowley, M. (2001). Rurality, Institutional Disadvantage, and Achievement/Attainment. Rural Sociology, 66(2), 268-292. Retrieved from Academic Search Elite database.
	12.	12. Sirin, R, S. (2005). Socioeconomic Status and Academic Achievement: A Meta-Analytic Review of Research. Review of Educational Research, 75(3), 417 – 453. Retrieved from ProQuest: ProQuest Education Journals database.
	13.	13. White, K. (1982). The Relation Between Socioeconomic Status and Academic Achievement. Psychological Bulletin, 91(3), 461-481. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.91.3.461.
Impacting Instruction: Arkansas and ADP
	1.	Achieve. ADP Assessment Consortium: The Importance of Algebra II. (n.d.). News release retrieved October 27, 2008 from http://www.achieve.org/node/842
	2.	Achieve. Education Policy Groups Partner to Launch Multi-State College & Career-Ready Policy Institute: Eight Leading States Selected to Develop Cutting Edge College- and Career-Ready Assessment and Accountability Policies. News release retrieved October 27, 2008 from http://www.achieve.org/node/1033
	3.	American Diploma Project. (2006, February). Arkansas Plan. Retrieved September 22, 2008 from http://www.achieve.org/files/AR-ADPplan.pdf
	4.	Arkansas Department of Education. (2008, April). ACT Exam Scores. News release retrieved October 27, 2008 from http://arkansased.org/communications/pdf/act_release_081308.pdf
	5.	Arkansas Department of Education (2008, July). For Immediate Release-New Report Shows States Taking Lead on Developing Rigorous, Common Core Standards: Emerging Common Core in State English and Mathematics Standards Reflects Universal Demands of College and Workplace. News release retrieved September 22, 2008 from http://www.arkansased.org/communications/pdf/achieve_release_073108.pdf
	6.	Arkansas Department of Education. (2006, February). High School Reform Efforts Topic of National Report. News release retrieved September 22, 2008 from http://www.arkansased.org/communications/pdf/hsreform_022206.pdf
	7.	Arkansas Department of Education. (2007, April). Nine States Join Forces to Launch New Algebra II Test: Common Assessment Represents New Model for Multi-State Efforts to Improve High Schools. News release retrieved October 27, 2008 from http://www.arkansased.org/communications/pdf/backgrounder_release_041007.pdf
	8.	Bounds, H., Hill, J.M., and Smith, S.R. (2007, February). Mississippi Department of Education State Dropout Prevention Plan 2007 – 2019. Retrieved October 2008 from http://www.mde.k12.ms.us/dropout_prevention/state_plan.html
	9.	Public Education in Arkansas. (2006, January). PowerPoint presentation presented at the Leadership in Greater Little Rock meeting, Arkansas Department of Education. Retrieved September 22, 2008 from http://arkansased.org/communications/ppt/glrl_presentation.ppt
Tips from The Principal's Role in Dropout Prevention: Seven Key Principles
	1.	Edwards, S.W. & Edwards, R. (2007). The Principal's Role in Dropout Prevention: Seven Key Principles. Clemson: National Dropout Prevention Center.